Lenga ( Nothofagus pumilio ) and Ñire ( Nothofagus antarctica ) are characteristic species of the deciduous forests of the Andes Mountains. These forests lose their leaves at the beginning of winter, forming a thick layer of leaf litter on the ground that nourishes and protects the ecosystem.
Key fact: the lenga tree can reach 30 meters in height, while the ñire tree is smaller (10 to 25 m) but has a greater number of leaves.
Characteristics of the lenga tree
- Leaves: small, green and with serrated edges.
- Growth: it can develop straight or twisted by the action of the wind, a phenomenon known as krummholz or "twisted wood".
- Average height: around 30 meters.
- Ecological role: provides shelter and food to various species such as the black woodpecker, the culpeo fox and the huemul.
Characteristics of the ñire tree
- Close relative: it is related to the lenga tree, but is shorter and more leafy.
- Height: between 10 and 25 meters.
- Leaves: more abundant than those of the lenga tree, forming dense canopies.
- Ecological importance: it provides food and shelter to numerous Andean species.
Ecological fact: Under the lenga and ñire forests, a vital microhabitat develops that conserves moisture, protects the soils, and allows the subsistence of diverse fauna.
Did you know?
Ñire comes from the Mapuche language and means “fox” . The name is due to the fact that these animals often dig their dens under these trees.
Responsible coexistence
- Avoid removing branches or bark: they play an essential role in the forest.
- Respect the paths so as not to compact the soil where new seedlings are germinating.
- Do not light campfires under these species; their roots and leaf litter are sensitive to fire.
- Value these trees as a refuge for wildlife and part of the Andean natural heritage.
Your contribution counts: protecting lenga and ñire forests ensures the survival of key fauna and the health of mountain ecosystems.
Quick summary
- Species: Lenga ( Nothofagus pumilio ) and Ñire ( Nothofagus antarctica )
- Height: lenga ~30 m; range between 10 and 25 m
- Habitat: Andean deciduous forests
- Ecological role: shelter and food for wildlife; soil conservation
- Fun fact: “Ñire” means fox in Mapudungun